The earliest computing machines had fixed programs. Some very simple computers still use this design, either for simplicity or training purposes. For example, a desk calculator (in principle) is a fixed program computer. It can do basic mathematics, but it cannot run a word processor or games. Changing the program of a fixed-program machine requires rewiring, restructuring, or redesigning the machine. The earliest computers were not so much “programmed” as “designed” for a particular task. “Reprogramming” – when possible at all – was a laborious process that started with flowcharts and paper notes, followed by detailed engineering designs, and then the often-arduous process of physically rewiring and rebuilding the machine. It could take three weeks to set up and debug a program on ENIAC.
von Neumann architecture, contributors to Wikipedia
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Death of Former U.S. Senator and Presidential Candidate Mike Gravel

Former U.S. Senator Mike Gravel died on Saturday, June 26. He is most notable for being a U.S. Senator from 1969 to 1981, but I remember him best from his unsuccessful run for president in 2008, which turned him into an early YouTube viral star. Here’s a quick overview:
The Rock
Let’s start with the “Rock” video, for which he is probably most famous. In 2007, Gravel posted this…unorthodox 3-minute video of himself on YouTube. He stares into the camera for over a minute, then, without a word, turns around and threw a rock into a lake. According to Gravel, this wasn’t an ad but a “metaphor of an ordinary citizen who acts in an unusual and extraordinary way.” The rock-throw represented a person starting a revolution.
Weird, yes, but Time Magazine later included it in its list of Top 10 Campaign Ads of all time.
(By the way, Gravel posted an updated version of the video when he made another run for the presidency in 2020.)
Lobbying the Obama Girl
Gravel was competing in the 2008 presidential campaign against, among others, Barack Obama, who had some viral moments of his own up his sleeve.
In June 2007, the YouTube channel Barely Political hired a model to play “Obama Girl” in a video in which the character expressed her crush on Barack Obama.
In a subsequent video, Barely Political posted this video of Gravel trying to recruit the “Obama Girl” onto his campaign. It featured Gravel singing (for real, which was better than the actress playing Obama Girl, who was lip syncing), rapping, and trying to impress her with the Crank That Soulja Boy dance. The result was hilarious:
Power to the People. Give Peace a Chance.
Just watch the video. It’s worth it.
Writing and maintaining a browser engine is fricking hard and everything moves far too quickly for a single developer now. However, JavaScript is what probably killed TenFourFox quickest. For better or for worse, web browsers’ primary role is no longer to view documents; it is to view applications that, by sheer coincidence, sometimes resemble documents. You can make workarounds to gracefully degrade where we have missing HTML or DOM features, but JavaScript is pretty much run or don’t, and more and more sites just plain collapse if any portion of it doesn’t. Nowadays front ends have become impossible to debug by outsiders and the liberties taken by JavaScript minifiers are demonstrably not portable. No one cares because it works okay on the subset of browsers they want to support, but someone bringing up the rear like we are has no chance because you can’t look at the source map and no one on the dev side has interest in or time for helping out the little guy. Making test cases from minified JavaScript is an exercise in untangling spaghetti that has welded itself together with superglue all over your chest hair, worsened by the fact that stepping through JavaScript on geriatic hardware with a million event handlers like waiting mousetraps is absolute agony. With that in mind, who’s surprised there are fewer and fewer minority browser engines? Are you shocked that attempts like NetSurf, despite its best intentions and my undying affection for it, are really just toys if they lack full script runtimes? Trying and failing to keep up with the scripting treadmill is what makes them infeasible to use. If you’re a front-end engineer and you throw in a dependency on Sexy Framework just because you can, don’t complain when you only have a minority of browser choices because you’re a big part of the problem.
Cameron Kaiser
from “The end of TenFourFox and what I’ve learned from it“
“So when they tell you that you’re finished and your chance to dance is done…”
…that’s the time to stand and strike up the band and tell them that you’ve just begun!
This is currently (and has been for the last two and a half years) my favorite scene from any movie.
Oldest cruise ships currently in service at major cruise lines – One Year Later
A year and six days ago, I wrote a post on this blog listing the oldest cruise ships serving at the time at the world’s major cruise lines. I published the post on March 6, which was five days before the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus disease to be a worldwide pandemic. The world, and the cruise industry, has changed a lot since that time.
In this post, I am reposting the list with relevant updates, mostly for my curiosity. Keep in mind that I am getting most of this information from Wikipedia so there might be some errors. As a note, the statement “no other changes in fleet” means no other ships were retired or sold or scrapped, from what I can tell. It does not take into account the transfer of other ships into the fleet.
| Line | Oldest Ship In svc in march 2020 | year Entered Service | March 2021 status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carnival | Carnival Fantasy | 1990 | Sold for scrap, July 2020 3 other ships scrapped or transferred Current oldest ship is Carnival Ecstasy (1991) |
| Princess | Sun Princess | 1995 | Sold in 2020 to Peace Boat 4 other ships sold Current oldest ship is Grand Princess (1998) |
| Costa | Costa neoRomantica | 1993 | Sold in 2020 to Celestyal Cruises 1 other ship sold Current oldest ships are Costa Mediterranea and Costa Fortuna (2003) |
| AIDA | AIDAcara | 1996 | Still with AIDA No other changes in fleet |
| Holland America | Maasdam | 1993 | Sold in 2020 to SeaJets 3 other ships sold Current oldest ship is Volendam (1999) |
| P&O | Aurora | 2000 | Still with P&O 1 other ship sold |
| P&O Australia | Pacific Dawn | 1991 | Sold for scrap, 2020 1 other ship sold Current oldest ship is Pacific Explorer (1997) |
| Cunard | Queen Mary 2 | 2003 | Still with Cunard (THANK GOD) No other changes in fleet |
| Seabourn | Seabourn Odyssey | 2009 | Still with Seabourn No other changes in fleet |
| Royal Caribbean | Empress of the Seas | 1990 | Sold to Cordelia Cruises 1 other ship sold Current oldest ship is Grandeur of the Seas (1996) |
| Celebrity | Celebrity Millennium | 2000 | Still with Celebrity No other changes in fleet |
| Azamara | Amazara Quest Amazara Journey | 2000 | Still with Azamara (though Azamara was sold by Royal Caribbean to a new owner) No other changes in fleet |
| NCL | Norwegian Spirit | 1998 | Still with NCL No other changes in fleet |
| Oceania | Regatta | 1998 | Still with Regatta No other changes in fleet |
| Regent Seven Seas | Seven Seas Navigator | 1999 | Still with Regent Seven Seas No other changes in fleet |
| MSC Cruises | Armonia | 2001 | Still with MSC Cruises No other changes in fleet |
| Dream Cruises | Explorer Dream | 1999 | Still with Dream Cruises No other changes in fleet |
| Star Cruises | Star Pisces | 1990 | Still with Star Cruises No other changes in fleet |
| Crystal Cruises | Crystal Mozart Crystal Symphony | 1987 1995 | Still with Crystal Cruises No other changes in fleet |
| Disney Cruise Line | Disney Magic | 1998 | Still with Disney Cruise Line No other changes in fleet |
| TUI Cruises | Mein Schiff Herz | 1997 | Still with TUI Cruises No other changes in fleet |
| Pullmantur Cruises | Sovereign | 1988 | Sold for scrap, 2020 Entire fleet either retired, sold, or scrapped |
| Hurtigruten | ?? | ?? | ?? |
| Viking Cruises | Viking Star (Ocean-going fleet) | 2015 | Still with Viking Cruises No other changes in fleet |
| Cruise & Maritime Voyages | Astoria | 1948 | Ship returned to lessor Entire fleet either sold, transferred, or scrapped |
| Celesytal Cruises | Celestyal Crystal | 1980 | Still with Celestyal Cruises No other changes in fleet |
| Marella Cruises | Marella Celebration | 1984 | Sold for scrap, April 2020 1 other ship retired Current oldest ships are Marella Discovery 2 and marella Explorer 2 (1995) |
| Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines | Black Watch Boudicca | 1972 | Both ships sold in 2020 Current oldest ship is Balmoral (1988) |
| Silversea Cruises | Silver Cloud | 1994 | Still with Silversea Cruises No other changes in fleet |
| Phoenix Reisen | Albatros | 1973 | Sold in 2020 No other changes in fleet Current oldest ship is Artania (1984) |
| Hapag-Lloyd Cruises | Bremen | 1990 | Ship transferred Cruise line sold to TUI Cruises No idea what other changes to fleet occurred |
| Compagnie du Ponant | Le Ponant | 1991 | Ship still with line No other changes in fleet |
| Windstar Cruises | Wind Star | 1986 | Ship still with line No other changes in fleet |
| Quark Expeditions | ?? | ?? | ?? |
| Saga Cruises | Saga Sapphire | 1981 | Ship sold to ANEX Tour No other changes in fleet Current oldest ship is Spirit of Discovery |
| Lindblad Expeditions | ?? | ?? | ?? |
| Star Clippers | ?? | ?? | ?? |
| American Cruise Lines | ?? | ?? | ?? |
Oldest cruise ships currently in service at major cruise lines
Cruise lines with at least 0.1% of global passengers, per Wikipedia, as of today:
| Line | Ship | Entered service |
| Carnival | Carnival Fantasy | 1990 |
| Princess | Sun Princess | 1995 |
| Costa | Costa neoRomantica | 1993 |
| AIDA | AIDAcara | 1996 |
| Holland America | Maasdam | 1993 |
| P&O | Aurora | 2000 |
| P&O Australia | Pacific Dawn | 1991 |
| Cunard | Queen Mary 2 | 2003 |
| Seabourn | Seabourn Odyssey | 2009 |
| Royal Caribbean | Empress of the Seas | 1990 |
| Celebrity | Celebrity Millennium | 2000 |
| Azamara | Amazara Quest Amazara Journey | 2000 |
| NCL | Norwegian Spirit | 1998 |
| Oceania | Regatta | 1998 |
| Regent Seven Sea | Seven Seas Navigator | 1999 |
| MSC Cruises | Armonia | 2001 |
| Dream Cruises | Explorer Dream | 1999 |
| Star Cruises | Star Pisces | 1990 |
| Crystal Cruises | Crystal Mozart Crystal Symphony | 1987 1995 |
| Disney Cruise Line | Disney Magic | 1998 |
| TUI Cruises | Mein Schiff Herz | 1997 |
| Pullmantur Cruises | Sovereign | 1988 |
| Hurtigruten | ?? | ?? |
| Viking Cruises | Viking Star | 2015 |
| Cruise & Maritime Voyages | Astoria | 1948 |
| Celestal Cruises | Celestyal Crystal | 1980 |
| Marella Cruises | Marella Celebration | 1984 |
| Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines | Black Watch Boudicca | 1972 |
| Silversea Cruises | Silver Cloud | 1994 |
| Phoenix Reisen | Albatros | 1973 |
| Hapag-Lloyd Cruises | Bremen | 1990 |
| Compagnie du Ponant | Le Ponant | 1991 |
| Windstar Cruises | Wind Star | 1986 |
| Quark Expeditions | ?? | ?? |
| Saga Cruises | Saga Sapphire | 1981 |
| Lindblad Expeditions | ?? | ?? |
| Star Clippers | ?? | ?? |
| American Cruise Lines | ?? | ?? |
“Why you should never take it at face value”
This essay by T.L. Knighton is well worth the read.
I came across it after googling the name of the narrator of a ridiculous “documentary” series on Netflix. In fact, I hesitate to call it a documentary because it wasn’t a documentary — the series consisted of a person (who was not qualified to talk about what she was talking about) who spent several hours perpetuating ridiculous fringe theories, pseudoscience, and “OMG GOVERNMENT COVER-UP!”-type things.
These quotes from his post sum up the problem with these faux documentary series:
They all present it the same way. A bit of pseudoscience, an “expert” presented as the definitive source, and a bit of rebuttal over conventional wisdom, all without really presenting the facts that lead to conventional wisdom being conventional. […]
They present someone as an authority, then present a one-sided version of the discussion as if it were the complete and total truth.
T.L. Knighton, ” Why You Should Never Take It At Face Value”
The point, he says, is that documentaries that present facts in this way are problematic because the damage they cause is very real. By presenting fringe theories as fact, fallacies get perpetuated. Then you get the general population believing that vaccines are dangerous, or that a particular virus was bio-engineered to kill the population.
Treat things you are unsure of or unfamiliar with with skepticism. Don’t take things at face value.
Airliner types retiring in 2020
Just some reference for myself. This list is derived from information on Wikipedia, so take it with a grain of salt:
- American Airlines Boeing 767-300ER (by end of 2020 or 2021)
- American Airlines Embraer 190 (by end of 2020)
- Delta Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-88 (by end of 2020)
“Happiness is” by Vince Guaraldi
The sound quality on this isn’t the best, but I still really like the piece.
Promising Vaccine for Brain Cancer
This is a couple of months late, but this is an interesting read.
Scientists have developed a vaccine that essentially uses a person’s immune cells to target cancer. The results are “remarkably promising.” Some survivors have gone on to live for more than 7 years, far longer than the average 15-17 months.
This is the cancer that Senator John McCain is currently battling, and the same cancer that took the lives of Senator Ted Kennedy, Lit drummer Allen Shellenberger, and Delaware Attorney General Beau Biden, among others.
Hopefully, this vaccine is really as successful as the preliminary trials suggest. As the BBC reported, the results give “new hope to the patients and clinicians battling with this terrible disease.”